6 Types of Roof Damage

Your roof is your home’s first line of defense against the elements. Over time, exposure to weather, natural forces and even human errors can damage your roof, leaving your home vulnerable.

Understanding the most common types of roof damage can help you take preventative measures and address issues before they become major problems. Below are six key threats to your roof and what you can do to mitigate their impact.

Rain and Storms

Clogged gutters, damaged shingles, excessive rainfall and strong winds can overwhelm your roof’s drainage system and water resistance, which may lead to water pooling and seeping through small cracks and holes in your roof and leaking into your home. 

Meanwhile, persistent moisture from pooled or trapped water may lead to mold growth and roof decay. Strong winds from storms can also lift or tear shingles off your roof deck, exposing it to moisture intrusion.

How to Prevent Damage from Rain and Storms

Regular maintenance and strategic installations are some of the most effective strategies for protecting your roof against heavy rain and strong wind.

• Clean your gutters twice a year. Clean once in the spring — winter snow and ice can attract dirt and debris into your gutters. Then clean again in the fall to clear out fallen leaves and pine needles. You may need to do this more regularly if your home is surrounded by trees.
• Take preventative measures for strong winds. If you live in an area with frequent strong winds and hurricanes, be sure to contact your local roofing contractors and have them install hurricane ties to help strengthen your roof.

If you do have wind or water damage roof repair needs, contact your contractor to determine the best course of action.

Hail, Snow and Ice

Hail can crack and dent shingles and damage the underlying roof deck, even if not immediately visible.

Snow damage can occur from excessive snow accumulation that exceeds your roof’s load-bearing capacity, leading to sagging, cracking and even collapsing portions of your roof. Melting snow can also make its way into small cracks and gaps.

Ice dams can form when snow buildup melts during the day and refreezes at night. Excessive snow, clogged gutters and an improperly insulated and ventilated attic can contribute to ice dam formation.

How to Prevent Damage from Hail, Snow and Ice

Making informed choices about your roofing material can help you prepare for hail, snow and ice damage.

• Choose impact-resistant shingles. These specialized asphalt shingles are built with hail impacts in mind. Ask your contractor about installing impact-resistant shingles if you live in a hail-prone area.
• Ensure proper insulation and ventilation. Your attic should be well-insulated and ventilated to prevent ice dams, helping your roof temperature remain consistent.
• Install protective barriers under your roof. Your contractor should install a protective barrier between your deck and shingles for extra protection against water infiltration.

Algae and Moss

Blue-green algae grows on roofs after dust and other organic materials settle on the surface of a roof. It can grow and spread on your roof with moisture and shade. Fortunately, roof algae poses no functional issues to your roof, but it can leave streaks of discoloration.

Moss on roofs also grows from a mixture of organic matter, moisture and shade. Unlike algae, moss does pose a functional issue to your roof. It grows in small and large clumps, adding additional weight and retaining moisture that can lead to leaks, rot and even attract pests.

How to Prevent and Remove Roof Algae and Moss

Algae and moss growth can come as a surprise to most homeowners, but there are many preventative and reactive measures you can take to save your roof.

• Use algae-resistant shingles. Many shingles contain copper particles that inhibit algae growth. Ask your contractor if you have these shingles or ask them to install them the next time you replace your roof. 
• Install metal drip edges and flashing along your roof ridge. Installing aluminum or steel flashing along the roof ridge helps prevent moss and algae growth by releasing protective minerals when it rains.
• Kill and remove moss immediately. Use a moss-specific cleaner that does not use bleach and is rated by the EPA. Leave the solution on the moss for 15-20 minutes, then use a low-pressure garden hose to dislodge the moss from your roof.

Trees

Overhanging tree branches can scrape against and fall onto your roof, causing unnecessary wear and tear. Certain tree species can also release sap and resin onto your roof that may soften asphalt or cause your shingles to blister. In extreme cases, a fallen tree can severely damage your home.

How to Prevent Tree Damage to Your Roof

Tree damage to roofs is preventable in many cases, as long as you properly maintain the trees on your property.

• Trim overhanging branches. You generally want about 10 feet of space between your roof and tree branches. Make sure to protect your roof by not letting trimmed branches fall onto your home.
• Consult an arborist if a tree shows signs of decay. Trees that are unstable or ill should be cut down before they have a chance to fall onto your home. Check local regulations before removing any trees.
• Clean up tree debris off your roof. Aside from the usual fall leaves in your gutters, branches, pinecones and other tree debris can fall onto your roof. You may need to clean your roof every few months if you have a lot of trees on your property.

Pests

Pests may nest in your roof or attic to escape the cold or the elements. While they mean no harm, their frequent movement can weaken or even dislodge shingles, creating vulnerabilities in your roof. Small rodents may chew through wood, insulation and electrical wiring, posing risks of electrical fires and roof leaks.

How to Prevent Roof Damage from Pests

If you have trees on your property, trimming the branches can help prevent critters from accessing your roof. But that’s just one way pests can get on top of your home — here are other preventative measures.

• Identify and seal entry points. Contact your contractor so they can use caulk or roofing sealant for small openings. They may also need to install vent covers and chimney caps to prevent pests entering your home.
• Clean any animal droppings off your roof. Bird and rodent droppings can be acidic and weaken your shingles. Clean them off with a low-pressure hose and, if necessary, a soft-bristle brush.
• Remove any existing pests from your home. Work with a professional to remove animals from your attic or roof. 

Structural Issues

A poorly designed or aging roof can lead to significant long-term problems. Shallow valleys, poor drainage systems and upper roofs draining onto lower sections can all contribute to premature roof failure. Additionally, improper installation or repairs can leave a roof vulnerable to leaks and weather damage.

Solar panels can damage roofs, which is why many shingle manufacturers void a roof’s warranty if the solar panel’s installation causes the damage. Picking a solar professional who is certified by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners® (NABCEP) or another reputable organization to install on your roof.

How to Catch Structural Issues with Your Roof

If you see roof damage, contact your roofing contractor immediately. They will inspect your roof and inform you of any damages or necessary repairs to help keep your roof and home safe and secure.

Protect Your Roof for the Long Haul

Your roof is your home’s first defense against the elements and regular maintenance is key to preventing costly damage. By addressing roof damage repairs promptly and using durable materials, you can properly protect your home. 

If you notice signs of wear or damage, consult a professional roofer to assess and fix issues. A proactive approach today will ensure your roof continues to provide safety and security for years to come.